Joint replacement surgery is a branch of orthopedic surgery aimed at treating disorders in the body's joint areas. Joints play a crucial role in activities such as walking, running, and other vital movements. Joint issues caused by environmental and genetic factors are treated using various prosthetic surgery techniques. The equipment used during surgery is also vital for the recovery process.
 

What is Joint Replacement Surgery?

With advanced technologies, patients experiencing joint issues can regain their health through orthopedic treatments. After diagnostic and assessment processes, decisions may be made regarding surgeries such as knee replacements. During this process, guidance from a specialist is crucial.
 

Types of Joint Replacement Surgery

Joint replacement surgery includes various prosthetic models and is categorized into five main groups:

• Single-axis feet
• Ankle hinges that provide dorsiflexion and plantar flexion
• SACH (Solid Ankle Cushion Heel) ankle prosthetics
   

Knee Prosthetics

Knee prosthetics are used to address problems arising from excessive loading. Jointed dynamic response feet allow for inversion/eversion and rotation of the foot and are suitable for use on uneven surfaces. These feet can absorb loads and reduce shear forces on the residual limb. Most dynamic response feet have a flexible keel and set a new standard in general use. The correct choice of prosthetic foot depends on factors such as the patient's height, weight, activity level, cosmetic preferences, and cost. Special prosthetic feet may be required for running and high-demand activities.
 

Prosthetic Legs

Prosthetic legs are found in two main types of structural connections:

• Endoskeletal (with soft outer shell)
• Exoskeletal (with hard outer shell)

Endoskeletal prosthetics include load-bearing tubular structures, while exoskeletal prosthetics use hard outer shells. Rotator units can be added to support rotational movements.
 

Applications of Joint Replacement Surgery

Joint replacement surgery can be applied in various areas:

• Knee Prosthetics: Used in transfemoral and knee disarticulation, chosen based on the patient's needs. Knee prosthetics allow controlled knee movement. Polycentric knees offer both options due to variable rotation centers.
• Suspension Systems: In modern lower limb prosthetics, suspension is provided through socket design and suspension liners. Sockets offer even pressure distribution and functional control over the amputee's stump. Vacuum sockets provide airtight insulation and prevent edema formation.

If symptoms such as severe joint pain, difficulty walking, and movement restrictions persist, surgical intervention may be necessary. Appropriate treatment methods are determined based on radiological imaging and the individual's health status.