What is a Meniscus?

The knee joint is one of the largest and most complex joints in the body. It includes several crucial structures and is highly susceptible to injuries. Among these structures are the menisci, which are cartilage-like cushions located between the knee bones. The menisci help distribute the load evenly across the knee, aid in the distribution of joint fluid, and support the nourishment of the cartilage. These crescent-shaped structures are found at the junctions of the femur and tibia in the knee and are responsible for absorbing shocks.
 

Causes of Meniscal Tears

Meniscal injuries can occur due to various reasons depending on age, and treatment methods are determined based on these causes. In younger individuals, meniscal injuries often result from sports activities or sudden and twisting movements of the knee. In older adults, the elasticity of the menisci decreases with age, and the cartilage structures wear out, leading to potential injuries. These injuries can appear as tears or minor degenerations. Due to the avascular nature of the menisci, spontaneous healing of such injuries is unlikely.
 

Symptoms of a Meniscal Tear

• Severe pain
• Swelling, usually due to fluid or blood accumulation
• Difficulty moving
• Feeling of locking in the knee
• Clicking sound from the knee joint

If a meniscal tear is accompanied by a cruciate ligament tear, feelings of instability and a sense of emptiness in the knee may also be experienced.
 

Diagnosis of Meniscal Tear

Accurate diagnosis of a meniscal tear requires a detailed physical examination. The doctor will evaluate the injury history, pain intensity, and range of motion of the knee. MRI imaging can be used to determine the extent of the meniscal tear.
 

Meniscal Surgery

Today, meniscal surgeries are usually performed using arthroscopic methods. Arthroscopy is a minimally invasive surgical technique where a camera is inserted through small incisions (about 0.5 cm) to visualize and treat the condition. This method allows the assessment of damage to the meniscus and, if necessary, repair or removal of the damaged area. The recovery process after surgery typically lasts about six weeks, during which the use of crutches is recommended to avoid overloading the knee.
 

Preventing Meniscal Tears

To prevent meniscal injuries, it is important to perform exercises that strengthen the muscles around the knee, avoid excessive loading on the knee, maintain a proper weight, and engage in warm-up exercises before starting sports activities.