What is a Meniscus?

The meniscus is actually an important structure that protects the cartilage in the knee area. The meniscus, which facilitates movement in the knee joint, acts as a hinge between the shin and thigh bones and is found in two parts: the outer meniscus, which is O-shaped, and the inner meniscus, which is C-shaped. The meniscus distributes body weight evenly over the bones, increases the contact surface of the bones, and absorbs sudden impacts, allowing the joint fluid to spread over the cartilage in the joint.
 

How Does a Meniscus Injury Occur?

Meniscus tears are common among athletes, but they can also happen to many people in everyday life. Those who carry heavy loads, stand for long periods, engage in intense housework, and the elderly are at risk of meniscus tears. Movements such as putting weight on one side of the body, kneeling, squatting, and lifting heavy objects can cause meniscus injuries.

Meniscus injuries are examined under three main headings:

• Direct Injuries: Caused by direct blows to the knee. Falls, traffic accidents, and impacts to the knee are examples of such injuries.
• Indirect Injuries: Occur when the body rotates on the knee. This situation is often seen in football matches or while skiing, where the foot remains stationary while the body rotates on the knee.
• Degenerative Injuries: Caused by wear and tear due to aging. In elderly individuals, even small impacts to the knee can lead to meniscus tears.
   

What Are the Symptoms of a Meniscus Tear?

• Knee pain
• Swelling and stiffness in the knees
• Locking of the knee

The first symptoms of meniscus tears are usually knee pain, swelling, and stiffness. Pain felt when climbing stairs, sitting and standing, or going up and down slopes are the first signals of meniscus damage. These pains and swellings can lead to more serious problems over time. Knee catching and locking issues also appear in the later stages. Early-stage meniscus treatment can be done without surgery, but surgical intervention may be necessary in advanced stages.
 

How is Meniscus Treated?

Treatment varies depending on the extent of the injury and tear. In acute cases, ice compresses, rest, and elevating the knee are important. Knee pain and catching make daily life difficult for patients, so a quick diagnosis and treatment are necessary. If left untreated, meniscus tears can lead to knee osteoarthritis (gonarthrosis).

Treatment methods are divided into two main categories: exercise and medication therapy and surgical treatment.
 

Exercise and Medication Therapy

In low-grade tears, meniscus damage can be resolved with doctor-recommended exercises and medications. It is important for patients to rest and follow the exercise program. The physical therapy process typically lasts at least 1.5 months.
 

Arthroscopy: A New Treatment Method

In meniscus surgeries, the arthroscopy technique allows viewing and treating the damaged area with optical devices through small incisions. With this method, meniscus tears are removed, and no scars or marks are left. Patients recover quickly and do not require physical therapy.